Scientists have recently confirmed the existence of a Moon cave, something they have long suspected was there, but had been unable to prove until now. The Moon cave they’ve discovered is at least 100 meters deep, which means it could be an ideal place for humans to build a permanent base. They suspect that it is just one of hundreds of caves hidden in an underground, undiscovered world.
Several countries are racing to establish a permanent human presence on the Moon, but they will need to protect astronauts from radiation, extreme temperatures, and space weather.
Helen Sharman, the first British astronaut to travel to space, has said that the newly-discovered cave looked like a good place for a base, and suggested humans could potentially be living in similar locations in 20-30 years. She also said that this newly discovered cave is so deep that astronauts might need to abseil in and use “jet packs or a lift” to get out.
Lorenzo Bruzzone and Leonardo Carrer at the University of Trento in Italy found the cave by using radar to penetrate the opening of a pit on a rocky plain called the Mare Tranquillitatis. That location is visible to the naked eye from Earth, and is where Apollo 11 landed in 1969.
The cave has a “skylight” on the Moon’s surface, which leads down to vertical and overhanging walls, and it has a sloping floor that might extend further underground. The drawing above shows a schematic of what the scientists think the cave looks like inside.
It was made millions, or billions, of years ago when lava flowed on the Moon creating a tunnel through the rock. The closest equivalent on Earth would be the volcanic caves in Lanzarote, Spain, Professor Carrer explains, adding that the researchers visited those caves as part of their work.
“It’s really exciting, when you make these discoveries. You look at the images, and realise you’re the first person in the history of humanity to see them,” Professor Carrer said.
Once Professor Bruzzone and Professor Carrer understood how big the cave was, they realised it could be a good spot for a lunar base. “After all, life on Earth began in caves, so it makes sense that humans could live inside them on the Moon.”
The cave has yet to be fully explored, but the researchers hope that ground-penetrating radar, cameras or even robots could be used to map it.
Scientists first realised there were probably caves on the Moon around 50 years ago. Then, in 2010, a camera on a mission called the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter took pictures of pits that scientists thought could be cave entrances. However, at that point, researchers didn’t know how deep the caves might be, or if they would have collapsed. Bruzzone and Carrer’s work has now answered that question, although there is much more work to be done to understand the full scale of the cave.
“We have very good images of the surface – up to 25cm of resolution – we can see the Apollo landing sites – but we know nothing about what lies below the surface. “There are huge opportunities for discovery,” Francesco Sauro, Coordinator of the Topical Team Planetary Caves of the European Space Agency, has stated. The research may also help us explore caves on Mars in the future, he says. That could open the door to finding evidence of life on Mars, because if it did exist, it would almost certainly have been inside caves protected from the elements on the planet’s surface.
The Moon cave might be useful to humans, but the scientists also stress that it could help answer fundamental questions about the history of the Moon, and even our solar system. The rocks inside the cave will not be as damaged or eroded by space weather, so they can provide an extensive geological record going back billions of years.
Fascinating – at least I think so!
